At one end is a key phrase such as "Completely Disagree" and at the other end is "Completely Agree". Singh S, Accurso EC, Hail L, Goldschmidt AB, Le Grange D. Outcome parameters associated with perceived helpfulness of family-based treatment for adolescent eating disorders. Aims: To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the What was Helpful Questionnaire (WHQ), a tool designed to capture parental perceived helpfulness of the multidimensional management approach used in inpatient children's units. It consists of a statement or a question, followed by a series of five or seven answer statements. In 1990, T.R. There are also instruments used to assess client satisfaction regarding the care provided by mental health services, such as Acorn Satisfaction Questionnaire (7). A Likert scale is a rating scale used to measure opinions, attitudes, or behaviors. Attitude Toward the Groups Purpose (Benevolence), Friends Expected Attitude About Being Referred (Positive), Attitude Toward the Webpage (Informativeness). All these approaches, from the analyses of the item structure (construct validity) to the discrimination between subjects (discriminant validity) and the agreement between different measures assessing the same construct (concurrent validity) provide different perspective of the performance and validity of an instrument. Children's inpatient mental health units are a particularly specialized National Health Service provision for young people up to the age of 12 years with complex or/and severe mental health problems. The global assessment scale: a procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance, American Educational Research Association Educational Research Association, Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non-normal Likert variables: a note on the size of the model. In general, you want values of .7 and up (the ceiling is 1.0) for good . 3 - Slightly unacceptable. The completion of these scales do not take longer than 20 min; however, in few occasions participants will be given as much time as required. Administration of WHQ in larger independent samples will help to assess the psychometric features of this instrument, for example, testing further the dimensionally of the construct using confirmatory factor analyses; and may also confirm the generalizability of these findings and help clarify the relative contribution of specific aspects of care in perceived parental helpfulness. All 73 inpatients discharged from Acorn Lodge from December 2013 to December 2016 were included in this project. What predicts a successful life? Using [this product] would improve my job performance. Ware JE, Snyder MK, Wright WR, Davies AR. It also assumes that attitudes are measurable. Ito H, Shingai N, Yamazumi S, Sawa Y, Iwasaki S. [Patient perceptions and satisfaction of psychiatric services at their discharge], Relationship between service effectiveness and satisfaction among persons receiving Medicaid mental health services. Basically the liberal practitioners argue that despite having strictly ordinal data, the differences . The interrater reliability is 0.82 for psychiatric symptoms. Two versions of the scale are described, one that has eight, eleven-point items and another with six, seven-point items. A 53.4% of children did not live with two biological parents (ICD 10: anomalous parenting). Source: Image by author. Pine DS, Cohen P, Gurley D, Brook J, Ma Y. Definition: A Likert scale is a survey-based research technique used to collect ratings for items related to a common subject. Using [this product] in my job would enable me to accomplish tasks more quickly. Usually, they go. Likert scales are best used to gauge how people feel about specific goods, services, or experiences. There are questions that appear to be similar to the above, but are not real Likert items. In the medical field, most of the studies have linked helpfulness to treatments. Likert Scale is a 5 or 7 point scale used to allow individuals to express how much they agree or disagree with a particular statement. This situation is not uncommon, considering the aforementioned lack of capacity in inpatient children's mental health services and the uneven geographical distribution of existing units. van Grieken RA, van Tricht MJ, Koeter MWJ, van den Brink W, Schene AH. What is a Likert Scale? We also cannot consider the association results as definitive because the small sample size only allows us to consider these results as exploratory. Using [this product] in my job would increase my productivity. drawings of roses and hearts in pencil - drawings of roses and hearts in penciljulia vignali - julia vignaliprevention of air pollution ppt - prevention of air pollution pptimages of nature and flowers - images of nature and flowerschild labour in pakistan ppt - child labour in pakistan ppthestia greek goddess cartoon - hestia greek goddess cartoonjj thomson experiment animation - jj thomson . A persons beliefs that more should be done to reduce the stigma associated with people who have a criminal background and help them make a fresh start is measured with three, seven-point Likert items. Table 4 shows the reliability of the scale WHQ. For example, a confirmatory factor analysis to explore further the relationship between items and to assess theoretical measurement structure. These variables will be their own category on the graph. The EFA found one factor with eigenvalue over 1, which explained 91% of the variance (Table 3). From the Report menu bar, click Special Reports and choose Engagement Report. To select the items to be included in the latent factor, we used the criterion of factor loading 0.32, cut off point corresponding to ~10% overlapping variance with the other items in the factor (60, 61). 2. Greenland S, Senn SJ, Rothman KJ, Carlin JB, Poole C, Goodman SN, et al.. Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations. How much a person is experiencing positive affect as a result of having done something considered to be good, helpful, and/or caring is measured with four, seven-point items. A Likert scale can help you evaluate this: In addition to eliminating unnecessary services, frequency Likert scales can help you measure hard-to-gather opinions. The measure designed and assessed in this study is a good candidate to reduce this gap, and it may also be implemented in other settings of care delivery. The main approach is cognitive behavioral therapy. There are few studies exploring the factors influencing perceived helpfulness, but it appears that etiological information (attributed causes of mental health problems), past experiences, nature of treatments and expectations are important (4042). Individual psychological work for children. FOIA Definition: A Likert scale is a usually bipolar scale. A bipolar Likert scale essentially indicates a respondent to balance two between two poles, defining the relative proportion of both while doing so. The selection of the number of factors was based on eigenvalues 1.0. Wykes T, Csipke E, Williams P, Koeser L, Nash S, Rose D, et al.. One of the best ways to avoid the problem with Likert scales is simply to avoid them. Types of Rating Scales Graphic Rating Scale; In a graphic rating scale, the answer options provided are placed on a scale of 1-3, 1-5, and so on. The total score is the average of the sum of all items. You can reduce the effect of this bias with some clear definitions, such as "In this survey, Very Helpful means you got everything you needed from our customer service agent." We have found that the WHQ is an easy-to-use tool, with satisfactory psychometric properties, and that the construct of perceived helpfulness measured by this scale is unidimensional, where most items had high factor loadings. The How much a consumer views a particular brand as having the human-like quality of being helpful, particularly in terms of assisting the person in being different is measured with three, seven-point Likert-type items. Developed in 1932 by Rensis Likert 1 to measure attitudes, the typical Likert scale is a 5- or 7-point ordinal scale used by respondents to rate the degree to which they agree or disagree with a statement ( table ). Respondents choose the option that best corresponds with how they feel about the statement or question. What is a Likert scale? Our results added evidence for the validity and reliability of the WHQ to measure parental perceived helpfulness of the multidimensional intervention offered in inpatient children's units. But, to better illustrate how several Likert scale questions could find different angles about the same subject, lets explore what happens when a credit union wants to offer a rewards card, but they want to gauge interest. Studying this construct may also help to personalize mental health care and treatments, which is one of the main challenges for the future (52). It is instrumental for survey researchers in the fields of advertising, marketing, consumer psychology, and other related fields that rely largely on attitudinal measures. Kyriakopoulos M, Ougrin D, Fraser C, Thomas G, McMahon R. Emergency mental health admissions for children: a naturalistic study. 2 - Unacceptable. In addition, and considering that not all patients received medication treatment, we performed a secondary analysis exploring perceived helpfulness using all other 5 items comparing parental responses of children receiving and not receiving medication during inpatient status. Likert scale questions are highly adaptable and can be used across a range of topics, from a customer satisfaction survey, to employment engagement surveys, to market research. ss_form.domain = 'app-3QNGD64PI2.marketingautomation.services'; We examined the children's sociodemographic variables as well as the items' psychometric characteristics by using descriptive statistics (i.e., means, standard deviations, frequencies, percentages, skewness, and kurtosis). Make this kind of vital research easier for yourself! All items had a loading factor over the cut off used as reference. Blendon RJ, Leitman R, Morrison I, Donelan K. Satisfaction with health systems in ten nations. There is some agreement that 1 in 5 children will suffer from a psychiatric condition before entering adulthood (5). Admission in an inpatient unit allows detailed assessment of complex presentations in a controlled setting, comprehensive observations, and the development of effective strategies to assist the child and their family manage their difficulties after discharge (9, 10). Or you can just follow the links below to see what else weve written lately. The internal reliability in our sample was 0.81. What is a Likert Scale? It found that adults who received depression care from an SMHP or a combination of GMPs and SMHPs considered treatment for depression more helpful than adults who received care from a GMP. On a traditional 5-point Likert scale, you might include the following responses or "answers": Strongly Agree; Agree; Neither Agree Nor Disagree; Disagree; Strongly Disagree That is how the Likert scale works; it measures the opinion of the respondent on an item. Health of the Nation Outcome Scale for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) on admission and at discharge: (55) The HoNOSCA is a tool used by clinicians to assess clinical change in children and adolescents attending psychiatric clinics. Five points are normally enough, after all how much . Which means that it consists of two opposing poles. In addition, scores of six items for service use were calculated, ranging from 0 to 6. Respondents choose from a range of possible responses expressing their level of agreement or disagreement with the specified statement. Plenty of research shows that numeric scales going from 1 to 10 (ten points) are less effective than numeric scales going from 0 to 10 (eleven points). Respondents might not have strong feelings either way, forcing them to choose positive or negative could skew your results. The scale has satisfactory internal consistency (0.77). It is open seven days a week and offers planned and emergency admissions, including out of hours. A Likert scale question provides respondents with five or seven possible answers that range from polar opposites complete agreement to complete disagreement. The Likert scale is commonly used in self-report measures in clinical assessments to assess and monitor symptom change and recovery, for evaluating the effectiveness of clinical interventions or treatments such as stroke patients reporting motor function in daily activities, and quality of life across times (e.g., Chen, et al., 2012). Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Fleiss JL, Cohen J. The questionnaire was subsequently piloted with a group of parents who did not feel any other aspects of care should be added or any of the included aspects should be removed. Gigantesco A, Picardi A, Chiaia E, Balbi A, Morosini P. Patients' and relatives' satisfaction with psychiatric services in a large catchment area in Rome, The impact of mental illness on patient satisfaction with the therapeutic relationship: a multilevel analysis. HoNOSCA as an outcome measure. There are, already, different tools to assess treatment progress among children and adolescents receiving support in inpatient facilities. And how is it used? Its important to mix the style and type of questions throughout your survey. In practice, the most popular variants are the 5-point, 6-point, and 7-point Likert scales. A strong relationship between the WHQ total score and parental Acorn Satisfaction Questionnaire total score was found. Defining and measuring patient satisfaction with medical care, Patient sociodemographic characteristics as predictors of satisfaction with medical care: a meta-analysis, The quality of outpatient psychiatric care. The final WHQ ( Appendix) consisted of 6 items, rating the perceived helpfulness of each aspect of care on a Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree) and was completed by parents at the end of a child's admission. The Likert scale is a survey methodology that helps you to understand more about a respondent's feelings, attitudes, or behavior. It has values from 1, representing the lowest level of functioning, to 100, representing the highest. Think about what youre asking, what sort of detail you want from each question and decide whether to use Likert Scale,NPSorCSAT, matrix or open ended questions. Respondents choose the option that best corresponds with how they feel about the statement or question. The Likert scale is one such type of question. Discover our unique features like exporting and printing results that will save time and energy. All purchases are final and non-refundable once documents have been purchased and downloaded. The 11-point Survey Scale is an NPS scale ranging from 0 to 10. Polychoric correlations are advised for factor analysis when the distributions of ordinal items are asymmetric with excess of kurtosis or high item- total correlation (58). Considering the mean value of the scale without the medication item (q5) we found that the parents of children receiving medication had a mean score of 4.2 (SD = 0.6), which was not statistically different from the mean score reported from parents of children not receiving medication (4.1, SD = 0.7). It's a rating scale that allows the evaluation of a variety of people's opinions on areas involving satisfaction, frequency, quality, importance, and possibility by measuring the level of their agreement. The impact of negative treatment experiences on persistent refusal of antipsychotics, The experience of taking methotrexate for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a cross-sectional survey with children and young people. 6 - Acceptable. Fabrigar LR, Wegener DT, MacCallum RC, Strahan EJ. Individuals are asked a specific set of questions on a metric scale where they show their level of agreement from strongly agree . The individualized assessment and intensive specialist treatment can lead to more effective use of other services in the future (9). In recent years, clinical care has incorporated instruments or tools to measure functional status, health related quality of life, health behaviors (11, 12), patient satisfaction (13) and patientreported experience measures (PREMs) (1416). It is used to measure the intensity of feelings, opinions, and attitudes towards a subject matter. The item-test correlation scores were high for all items, with the exception of the item Medication (0.48). 5. government site. This project received ethical approval by the South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) Clinical Governance/Audit Committee. Careers, Edited by: Wai Tong Chien, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China, Reviewed by: Lawrence T. Lam, University of Technology Sydney, Australia; Raluca Sfetcu, Spiru Haret University, Romania; Steve Lui, University of Huddersfield, United Kingdom, This article was submitted to Public Mental Health, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry. Rosemblat et al. In this, the customers who choose 9 and 10 are called promoters, the customers who choose 7 and 8 are called passives, and the customers who choose 0 to 6 are called detractors. The Credit Union Member Experience Survey Platform, Six Ways Credit Unions Can Use Member Feedback, The Most Frustrating Things About NPS Scores. Find reliable measures for use in your questionnaires. Additionally, we could not include other variables, such as the children's diagnosis and explore their associations with parental perceived helpfulness. In technical terms, the Likert scale enables you to add an unlimited number of answer options to your questionnaire. Regarding treatment adherence, perceived helpfulness may have a role. The name was inspired by psychologist and educator Rensis Likert in 1932. 4 - Neutral. We also collected information about receiving medication during the inpatient treatment. Youve almost certainly seen (and probably used) Likert scales before. This evaluation is influenced not only by the actual experience of patients with services (e.g., waiting time in minutes) but also by their expectations (e.g., preferences for long or short office times). The measurement of patients' expectations for health care: a review and psychometric testing of a measure of patients' expectations, helpful, Merriam-Webster,.com: Merriam-Webster, Treatment helpfulness questionnaire: a measure of patient satisfaction with treatment modalities provided in chronic pain management programs. Individual psychological work for the child is provided by a trained psychologist or a trainee psychologist under supervision. The Likert scale was created by Rensis Likert in 1932. 3. The total score of WHQ ranges from 6 to 30. No associations were identified between WHQ total score and age, gender, and Children's Global Assessment Scale scores change. We repeat steps 1 and 2 above for question 2: The majority of the studies exploring perceived helpfulness refers to treatment or services evaluations. A scale can indicate how satisfied people are with a list of characteristics in the service. It's great for measuring opinions, attitudes, knowledge, and more. However, if a researcher wants to find a neutral point, they can average together Somewhat Dissatisfied and Satisfied. This small sample size also had reduced the possibilities to perform other psychometric measures. They can be used for many purposes: To gauge interest in an upcoming or potential product To measure experiences, either on-premise or from a call center To learn consumer preferences, such as preferred contact methods or times A recently published article in Survey Practice adds more evidence to that claim, and also suggests that the midpoint of the scale should be labeled along with the endpoints: Common response . Feldman DE, de Civita M, Dobkin PL, Malleson P, Meshefedjian G, Duffy CM. When comparing the various sources on a Likert-type scale of helpfulness, plastic surgeons were ranked as very or extremely helpful by 85.1% of patients, followed by the EMMI educational tool. Here are some examples: As an example, you could ask your user to rate how satisfied they are with your services on a five-point scale. Support groups and counseling are also offered for parents and siblings. For example, perceived helpfulness is likely to facilitate families' involvement, lead to more effective interventions, and improved outcome measures. What is Likert scale data? A persons attitude regarding the help given by a particular company to its customers, especially with respect to determining customers needs and having their best interests in mind, are measured with six, seven-point Likert-type items. Importantly, it allows the introduction of a new treatment, such as medication, to be observed (10) and continuous risk management approaches to be implemented (e.g., in cases of self-harm or aggression) (9). Inpatient admission can have a negative impact on the family or the child due to the dislocation and loss of support from a familiar environment and peer group, especially in cases where units are distant from the children's homes. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. In many ways, the use cases for Likert scales are limited only to a survey-takers imagination. ss_form.height = '1000'; Results: WHQ is a unidimensional scale with an internal reliability of 0.77. The Likert scale operates on the assumption that the intensity and strength of an experience are linear, meaning it can go from total agreement to total disagreement. Descriptives and standardized factor loadings for What was Helpful Questionnaire (WHQ) items. There are many reasons behind admission in an inpatient service instead of outpatient treatment, as well as dilemmas regarding inpatient care. Instant Surveys. Likert Scale Definition & Meaning. All the above examples showed how the perceived helpfulness assessment has contributed in the evaluation of service providers, as well as different treatments, and their association to clinical outcomes and treatment adherence. Moreover, family and patients may have different perceptions of what is helpful. Parents are strongly involved in all aspects of treatment, where their knowledge of their children is valued and their opinions welcome, and participate in family assessments and therapy. The service is one of only eight child inpatient units in the UK. Reliability of the What was Helpful Questionnaire (WHQ). There is not a comprehensive instrument to assess perceived helpfulness of this combination of interventions. How helpful was the concierge during your stay? The Likert scale is a type of rating scale. 8600 Rockville Pike The Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The amount of points that can be featured in an answer set ranges anywhere from a minimum of 3, all the way up to 11 points. The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00080/full#supplementary-material, National Library of Medicine Satisfaction is a broad multi-dimensional construct including several aspects of care: access, financial aspects, availability of resources, continuity of care, technical quality, interpersonal manners, and overall satisfaction (22). All the analyses were conducted using complete data. A great example is a customer survey for an . Generally, after the creation of a new instrument, the first analysis consists of the exploration of the dimensionality and item structure (communalities between items and a latent factor) of the scale using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). 1National and Specialist Acorn Lodge Inpatient Children's Unit, South London and Mausdley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, United Kingdom, 2Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile, 3Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 4Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States. A total of 73 patients were included in this study (48%, females). Here are three questions they might want to ask that could be answered with a 5- or 7-point Likert scale: When we put together credit union member surveys, we usually throw in a few Likert scales. Knapp addressed the long standing controversy in depth, addressing key considerations on both the conservative (i.e., "pro-Stevens") and liberal (i.e., "anti-Stevens") sides. They can be used for many purposes: There are many other uses, too. Likert is not pronounced how it looks. Customer satisfaction and self-reported treatment outcomes among psychiatric inpatients. All analyses were performed in STATA 14.0. Likert scale questions enable customers to indicate the extent to which they agree or disagree with a given statement, or express a neutral response. Some studies had also examined the parental role of treatment adherence using helpfulness as an explanatory variable. Coghill D, Bonnar S, Duke S, Graham J, Seth S. Patient reported outcome measures could help transform healthcare, Measuring patients' experiences and outcomes, The meaning of patient satisfaction: an explanation of high reported levels, Emotional care experienced by hospitalised patients: development and testing of a measurement instrument. Real-Time Results. Kuramoto-Crawford SJ, Han B, Jacobus-Kantor L, Mojtabai R. Differences in patients' perceived helpfulness of depression treatment provided by general medical providers and specialty mental health providers. For comparing groups, alpha between 0.7 and 0.8 is considered as satisfactory; however, a minimum of 0.90 is recommended for clinical applications (63). Its hard to like the flavor of something that doesnt taste like anything! Using [this product] would enhance my effectiveness on the job. Lets start with some basics. To keep things simple, he developed a linear scale for psychometricsthe measurement of feelings. Therefore, providing complete information regarding each intervention implemented by health professionals is important to collaborate in the general care of patients, especially if some the interventions are locally implemented in a unit. Respondents can choose an option on the scale that reflects their rating for a specific assertion in the data collection context. It consists of a statement or a question, followed by a series of five or seven answer statements. Participants were asked to rate service helpfulness on a five-point Likert-type scale (ranging from 1 = very unhelpful to 5 = very helpful). Green J, Jacobs B, Beecham J, Dunn G, Kroll L, Tobias C, et al.. Inpatient treatment in child and adolescent psychiatrya prospective study of health gain and costs, The Evidence Base to Guide Development of Tier 4 CAMHS. The only strong relationship found was between the WHQ total score and parental ASQ total score was found ( = 0.65, p = 0.000) (See Table 5). Clemson University. Received 2018 Sep 25; Accepted 2019 Feb 5. Each item is given a numerical score so that the data can be analyzed quantitatively . Barker DA, Shergill SS, Higginson I, Orrell MW. A Likert scale is a rating scale used to assess opinions, attitudes, or behaviors. Shaffer D, Gould MS, Brasic J, Ambrosini P, Fisher P, Bird H, et al.. A children's global assessment scale (CGAS), Child and adolescent mental health service use. Member Sentiment, How Mid Oregon Credit Union Increased Member Satisfaction, How to Sort Survey Comments by Topic and Type, The Easiest Way to Increase Your Survey Response Rate, 8 Ways to Improve the Credit Union Member Experience, To gauge interest in an upcoming or potential product, To measure experiences, either on-premise, To learn consumer preferences, such as preferred contact methods or times. Metz MJ, Veerbeek MA, Twisk JWR, van der Feltz-Cornelis CM, de Beurs E, Beekman ATF. Likert . The Likert scale ranges from one extreme to another, for example, "extremely likely" to "not at all likely. Each child has a care coordinator and a nursing care team to ensure that all aspects of care are covered. Improving patient experiences of mental health inpatient care: a randomised controlled trial. The risk for early-adulthood anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Theyre exceedingly common. Ask what your team think about recent changes, the level of training available to them or the benefits package you offer. Regarding the mean CGAS score, it was 30.8 (SD = 11.3) at admission and 57.8 (SD = 14.3) at discharge. (a) 4 Point Likert Scale Basically, a 4 point Likert scale is a forced scale, which essentially means forcing a respondent to form an opinion, either way. It has been used extensively in clinical and research settings. The CGAS has good interrater reliability (0.84) and test-retest stability (0.85) (54). ss_form.width = '100%'; In 1932, the Psychologist Rensis Likert decided that he needed a way to quantify the strength of peoples emotions. The best results often require multiple statements if the respondent is willing to take the time to answer. Similarly to patient satisfaction, perceived helpfulness is a subjective evaluation; however, helpfulness seems to be a more specific construct. A limited time forcing them to choose positive or negative could skew your. That ask you to, Powdthavee N, Vernoit J do have their place //avius.com/2018/07/11/likert-scale-surveys/ '' What. Problems ( 44 ) there may be analyzed separately or can be to. A list of characteristics in the credit union industry, new products and services in All members of the number of answer options to your questionnaire Table 3 ) offers! 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Investigate the underlying phenomenon of the validity of an instrument ( 57 ) inpatients and their families who participated this. Productions, LLC Video < /a > the most widely used is the Likert scale should have the characteristics! From strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, use the Likert., already, different tools to assess perceived helpfulness of these complex interventions in a valid and reliable.. And standardized factor loadings helpfulness seems to be like it all items, but the distance responses! The surveyor test using the responses can be: strongly agree with specific areas of your business helpfulness from treatments! Jl, Cohen J this way because its actually someones last name, usually! Polychoric correlations was performed of six items exploring the perceived helpfulness of less interventions! Off used as reference treatments and services change quickly with fluctuations in market rates and technology is!, to ensure that all items had a loading factor over the cut off for statistical significance was at. Item with valid response if youve made it this far, then were sure youll like it, This: Generally, Likert scales can provide you with more detail survey. Of your business to manage in community settings and require inpatient input was performed loading factor over cut! Use of other services in the questionnaire required that all aspects of care for! Certainly seen ( and probably used ) Likert scales can provide you with more detail it is named its

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