The coming of dtente provided access for Line X and opened new avenues for exploitation. Throughout U.S. military history, the term counterintelligence has referred to both an activity and a type of secret information, INTELLIGENT DESIGN studies features of objects that signal the action of an intelligent cause. 59: Economic / Commercial Interests and Intelligence Services", "Commentary No. For while European states move towards privatization (albeit retaining a "golden share") in many cases there is little sign of a lessening of links between business and government in the high growth communitarian societies of Asia. According to the Act, under the authority of the Secretary of State, the functions of SIS include obtaining and providing information as well as performing "other tasks" relating to the actions or intentions of "persons outside the British Isles". 01/22/2015. The AI RMF is intended for voluntary use in addressing risks in the design, development, use, and evaluation of AI products, services, and systems. US National Counterintelligence Executive, Office of the Director of National Intelligence. However, over the past few years, there is still a growing interest in technology intelligence processes. The technology intelligence processes in this generation were focused on customers in the short term run. National characteristics will be different here; industry-government partnerships, for example, are far more routine in Japan than in the United States. The intelligence community commonly defined it as follows: Foreign developments in basic and applied research in natural and applied sciences and in applied engineering techniques. And indeed, they are some of the very same companies -- the companies are in some of the very same countries where the most recent flap has arisen about alleged American industrial espionage. In the absence of any international support for these initiatives, American commercial interests have been pressuring their government either to change the international regime or to rescind the legislation. New York: Random House, 1998. [10], France, according to Russell, also is a target. A formidable apparatus was set up for scientific espionage; the scale of this structure testified to its importance. [5], Citing a US example, Porteous describes a useful distinction: " the CIA recently distinguished between, to differentiate their economic intelligence activities in France from the direct industry-support activities in which French intelligence had engaged in the USA. NIST leads and participates in the development of technical standards, including international standards, that promote innovation and public trust in systems that use AI. It was discovered that the German ammunition could be fired from US mortars. IT Infrastructuregeneral-purpose IT assets that comprise the "IT Infrastructure" (Circle 1); and. The State Committee on Science and Technology and the Military-Industrial Commission were to provide Directorate T and its operating arm, called Line X, with collection requirements. The exploitation phase includes various types of technical and operational tests. This page was last edited on 14 April 2022, at 16:20. Interagency OPSEC Support Staff (IOSS) (May 1996). There are also enterprises owned by a combination of industry and government, such as the French Thales Group. What is Technical Threat Intelligence? The related term, scientific and technical intelligence, addresses information collected or analyzed about the broad range of foreign science, technology, and weapon systems. The Government of Israel continues efforts to field a reconnaissance satellite with the services of a prime contractor--Electro-OpticsIndustries. [4] Technology intelligence gives organizations the ability to be aware of technology threats and opportunities. The imminent emergence of powerful Chinese multinationals out of the so-called "socialist market economy" of China will only increase this trend."[14]. As technology life cycles shorten and business become more globalized having effective TI capabilities is becoming increasingly important. [6] Also known as Competitive Intelligence, there are different stages of the evolution process. Another efficiency argument deals with the security of dissemination to industry. The companies then post the agents to foreign countries to forge close contacts with their industrial counterparts to gather technical and financial information." ACTIVE. It is particularly useful in blocking social engineering attacks. I don't call it industrial espionage if the United States spies on a European corporation to find out if it is bribing its way to contracts in Asia or Latin America that it can't win honestly."[21]". [6] The interest started in 1994 with numerous publications on the topic, government efforts to encourage competitive intelligence and the origination of competitive intelligence courses and programs in universities. Hoffman sold his wares to Japanese multinationals-Nissan Motor Company, Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries - that wanted the information for civilian aerospace programs. Founded on the world's most comprehensive database of "Digital Twins", NetLife Technical Intelligence allows simulation of scenarios, comparing technology item, comparing on the minutest detail. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). ", Woolsey, when newly Director of Central Intelligence in 1993, publicly announced that economic intelligence was now a CIA program. Materiel required may be obtained through any number of channels. It is often, but by no means exclusively, the set of techniques for gaining information from captured materiel. For example, materiel may be obtained through commercial channels. In 2003, Sweden expelled two Russian diplomats over accusations of spying at Ericsson, a major electronics manufacturer whose products include avionics for Swedish Gripen fighter aircraft. Objective: Obtain a broader perspective of threats in order to combat the underlying problem. In some cases, a single would-be foreign buyer sent out multiple requests to a variety of US companies, searching for a seller willing to ignore or bend export-licensing requirements.". It aims to capture and disseminate the technological information needed for strategic planning and decision making. It is. Economic intelligence will play an increasingly important role in helping policy-makers understand economic trends. Multinational programs may be even more common in Europe, such as Panavia (UK-Germany-Italy) and Airbus (Germany-France-Spain, but operating under Dutch law). The two pillars of the so called combat against terrorism are human intelligence (HUMINT) and technical intelligence (TECHINT). List of active duty United States four-star officers, list of intelligence gathering disciplines, Collection of materiel and related documents, Historical examples of field technical intelligence, Collection techniques at the national level, Allegations of intelligence collection at the national level, Statements of current and past US officials about economic intelligence collection, Expert inference about economic intelligence collection by the US, Direction gnrale de la scurit extrieure, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, U.S. General Accounting Office (February 1996). "[19], "To address the lag in technology, Soviet authorities in 1970 reconstituted and invigorated the USSR's intelligence collection for science and technology. The book covers the full range of issues, from initiating a technical intelligence program and integrating it into a strategic technical plan to setting up strategic alliances with other companies. These same officials were quoted as labelling Asian governments and multinationals, particularly Japan, Taiwan and South Korea, as the chief culprits. The services have well developed procedures for testing various types of materiel. Now, let's jump to the modern world. In a famous case, Viktor Ivanovich Belenko flew a Soviet Mig 25 "Foxbat" to Hakodate, Japan on 6 September 1976. Looked at from this point of view, abstraction is u, Technical College of the Lowcountry: Tabular Data, Technical College of the Lowcountry: Narrative Description, Technical Change in Agriculture, 19522000, https://www.encyclopedia.com/politics/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/technical-intelligence, U.S. Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century, NMIC (National Maritime Intelligence Center). "It is this direct link between government and business that some individuals propose to establish between the U.S.Government and U.S. businesses. GAO/NSIAD-96-64. It can be quite easy to enter a show for the "industry only", although more difficult if the event requires a verified security clearance. This process consists of 4 steps: organizing the competitive intelligence effort, collecting the information, analyzing the information and disseminating the results. Technical: Technical threat intelligence is specific evidence that an attack is happening or indicators of compromise (IOCs). [10] These tools are mostly used to provide numerous possibilities of future technologies and not necessarily predict the future. Since the 1990s, emotional intelligence has gone from a semi-obscure concept found in academic journals to a popularly recognized term. JUDSON KNIGHT Signals intelligence, or SIGINT, is one of the four major forms of intelligence, along with human, imag, Oss (united States Office Of Strategic Services), ADRIENNE WILMOTH LERNER This law contains two provisions criminalizing two sorts of activity: Categorizing an individual act can be complex, as some national intelligence services have provided scientific and technical intelligence to private firms based in their countries. He was arrested in 1992. A 1987 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) report "concluded that 80 percent of all Japanese government intelligence assets were directed toward the United States and Western Europe and concentrated on acquiring secrets about technological developments. These can include technical support services such as assembly and testing, but also services as mundane as trash collection, hoping the trash may contain information inadequately shredded or otherwise destroyed. In 2003, Sweden expelled two Russian diplomats over accusations of spying at Ericsson, a major electronics manufacturer whose products include avionics for Swedish Gripen fighter aircraft. That is a term of art used in discussion of disarmament to mean information gathered by various sorts of cameras, sensors, or other devices. [14], Nations have different views of what constitutes offensive and defensive economic intelligence: "Decisions informed by the provision of economic intelligence range from determining whether to raise interest rates to the proper stance to take in contentious trade negotiations. According to Secretary of State Warren Christopher, the legislation costs American companies "hundreds of millions of dollars in contracts every year". Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security. ", While there has been no official Canadian statement about targeting scientific, technical and economic intelligence, the Communications Security Establishment (CSE), the Canadian SIGINT agency, advertised for "university graduates for analyst positions noting that "graduation in fields such as economics, international business, commerce would be an asset". [14], He counters the argument that "lack of direct knowledge of a certain business or its technology has been cited as a significant obstacle to intelligence services engaging in economic espionage. "[2], "In June of 1994, Russian presidential aide Yuriy Baturin accused Asian countries, particularly China and North Korea, of economic espionage. A short definition of Technical Threat Intelligence. See also exploitation; intelligence. Probably the most expensive and most ambitious was the construction of Hughes Glomar Explorer by the Central Intelligence Agency to obtain the wreckage of Soviet submarine that sunk in the Pacific. The French former intelligence official, Alexandre de Marenches described the Japanese as experts in economic espionage; that the Japanese government and industry have close ties with each other. The Air Force Historical Studies Office Web Technical and scientific intelligence operations proliferated during the Cold War, along with the many scientific advances that made possible improvements in weapons and surveillance technology. ", Woolsey, when newly Director of Central Intelligence in 1993, publicly announced that economic intelligence was now a CIA program. Other contemporary efforts included Operation Alsos, focusing on nuclear science and engineering and Operation Lusty, devoted to aerodynamics. Troops used German military telephone wire and medical supplies to aid civilians in France during World War II expert... 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