The arteries supplying the thymus are branches of the internal thoracic, and inferior thyroid arteries, with branches from the superior thyroid artery sometimes seen. Question 27. [NCERT Exemplar] Answer: Connective tissue is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system.The three meninges, membranes that envelop the What is a goblet cell? Nerve cells, Question 14. (b) (iv) [2] In older children and adults, which have a functioning lymphatic system with mature T cells also situated in other lymphoid organs, the effect is reduced, and limited to failure to mount immune responses against new antigens. (ii) What is the role of large air cavities in the leaves of such plants? Where can I download NCERT Solutions for Chapter 6 of Class 9 Science? If the tip of a sugarcane plant is removed from the field, even then it keeps on growing in length. Why is the epidermis present as a thick waxy coating of cutin in desert plants? Blood is a type of connective tissue. After 3 years the nail will This is glandular epithelium. Question 35. This is because since the root tips are cut, the roots wont grow because of absence of meristematic tissue. He had a great understanding of science and mechanics and studied anatomy in a mechanics context. Basmajian, J.V, & DeLuca, C.J. As increase in height of the tree takes place from top only, therefore the nail will remain at the same position as it is inserted near the ground level. Bone is a hard and rigid tissue, whereas the cartilage is a soft, elastic and flexible tissue. (b) Companion cells (i) Striated muscles (c) Due to the presence of stone cells (sclerenchyma) in the pear fruit. Answer: When they contract, they pull the tendon to move the bones and help in the movement of limbs. Microsoft is quietly building an Xbox mobile platform and store. It is also known as cork cambium. Nervous tissue is a tissue made of neurons. (b) nerve endings Get CBSE Class 9 Chapter 6 Tissues. They help to coordinate the various functions of the body. Write the difference between cartilage and bone. Answer: Question 3. They also provide mechanical strength to the plants. (iii) Rishi shows a scientific attitude, inquisitive nature and empirical approach. Which structure protects the plant body against the invasion of parasites? (b) limbs The cells are long and narrow, make the plant hard and stiff. After 3 years, where will the nail be present? Q5. And for the proper working of an organism many functions like food transport, immunity, strength, etc., are needed to be performed properly. Proteins and sugars make up the solid matrix of cartilage. (d) (i) (i) Apical meristem: It is present at the growing tips of stems and roots and results in increase in the length of the stem and the root. [18], Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity can occur in people with thymoma. Following are the differences between xylem and phloem: Question 3. Explain how the bark of a tree is formed. Difference between simple tissues and complex tissues in plants is given below: Difference between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall is given below: 8. Match the column (A) with the column (B). Cautions. Tissue A and tissue B constitute tissue C. A carries water while B carries food for the plants. Browse the archive of articles on Nature Medicine. (c) bones Like cartilage, bone is also a specialised connective tissue. [19], Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease most often due to antibodies that block acetylcholine receptors, involved in signalling between nerves and muscles. What is the function of Tendon and ligament? Some actions of our body are under our control but many of them are not under our control. Harry Potter House Quiz: Which Harry Potter Hogwarts House Do You Belong To? It is a study of the performance and function of biomaterials used for orthopedic implants. Cells of this tissue (chondrocytes) are enclosed in small cavities within the matrix secreted by them. are smooth muscles and muscles present is our heart are cardiac muscles, which cannot be moved by our conscious efforts. Briefly describe striated and smooth muscles with their functions. California voters have now received their mail ballots, and the November 8 general election has entered its final stage. There are a total of four classes that categorize Histone Deacetylases (HDACs). [1] In the neck, it lies on the front and sides of the trachea, behind the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles. Structure. Solution: Tissues refer to a group of blood cells that work together to perform certain jobs in the body. Biomechanics is the study of the structure, function and motion of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, using the methods of mechanics. Question 28. [4] It sometimes also involves the fourth pharyngeal pouch. [16] These syndromes are caused by mutations that affect the maturation of the hematopoietic progenitor cells, which are the precursors of both B and T cells. (a) Meristematic tissue: (b) The process of taking up a permanent shape, size, and a function by the cells is called differentiation. (i) Xylem and phloem Basically, there are four types of tissues: nervous, muscle, epithelial, and connective. They can prepare their notes by referring to these important questions and answers, hence get some time for revision as well. (a) (v) All these cells coordinate to perform a common function. (c) V [2] The branches reach the thymus and travel with the septa of the capsule into the area between the cortex and medulla, where they enter the thymus itself; or alternatively directly enter the capsule. (i) What is a ligament? [35] Hagfish possess a protothymus associated with the pharyngeal velar muscles, which is responsible for a variety of immune responses. Also, see Tissues Class 9 Notes, Video Explanation and Question Answers. They are tubular structures having a hollow lumen and composed of dead cells. Answer: This is because each cell type specialises in one particular function. It was thought to be a cause of sudden infant death syndrome but is now an obsolete term. (d) Branches of a tree move and bend freely in high wind velocity. Write two differences between striated and smooth muscles. Answer: It helps in providing mechanical strength to the various parts of the plant. (ii) To prevent water loss by transpiration and protection from pathogens. Its matrix is rich in protein called chondrin and sugars. Vedantu provides the. Cells possess a chemical substance suberin in their walls. Which tissue has chloroplast in cells? [13], The survival and nature of the T cell then depends on its interaction with surrounding thymic epithelial cells. What is a tissue? (a) Tendon break Aristotle, a student of Plato can be considered the first bio-mechanic, because of his work with animal anatomy. Ans: Difference between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall is given below: Thin cell walls and are made up of cellulose, Cell walls are thick at corners and made up of cellulose, Cell wall is very thick and made up of lignin, II. Ans: If we are provided with three slides, each containing one types muscles fibres, we can identify them by following points: a) Skeletal muscles or voluntary muscles show alternate light and dark bands under microscope. (e) Glandular epithelium: Has gland cells which secrete substances at the epithelial surface. Question 9. Areolar connective tissue helps in the repair of tissue. Sieve tubes are tubular cells with perforated walls. [30], Galen was the first to note that the size of the organ changed over the duration of a person's life. (v) To make tissue impervious to gases and water. Galileo spent many years in medical school and often questioned everything his professors taught. He noted that animals' bone masses increased disproportionately to their size. Question 12. It also contains small and short branch-like structures known as dendrites. They have to move in search of food, mate and shelter; so they need more energy as compared to plants. The contraction and relaxation of these muscles are under the control of organism, so they are also called voluntary muscles. The point of attachment is a serine (Ser) residue to which the glycosaminoglycan is joined through a tetrasaccharide bridge (e.g. Mechanical deformation of hard tissues (like wood, shell and bone) may be analysed with the theory of linear elasticity. All the cells of such tissues work as individual units to perform a particular function. (b) Define the process of differentiation. Smooth muscles are also found in the stomach, intestine, ureters, bronchi, iris of the eye, etc. Study of the mechanics of biological systems, Other applied subfields of biomechanics include. Sclerenchyma can be identified by which characteristic? Their end walls have perforations in form of sieve plate. Question 12. [20] Investigations include demonstrating antibodies (such as against acetylcholine receptors or muscle-specific kinase), and CT scan to detect thymoma or thymectomy. By Bethany815 | Last updated: Apr 28, 2022. (a) Protection from adverse condition (b) Gaseous exchange Cartilage is a form of connective tissue. B) Collenchyma: It provides mechanical strength and allows bending of various parts of a plant without breaking. Apical meristem It is present at the growing tips of stem and roots and results in increase in the length of the stem and the root. What structure is responsible for the protection of plant bodies against parasite invasion. Columnar epithelium of intestine is specialised for the absorption of water and digested food. (d) Sieve tube cells Bone: Question 6. (a) Tracheids Experimental biomechanics is the application of experiments and measurements in biomechanics. (b) sieve tube There are not many notable scientists from the 19th or 20th century in bio-mechanics because the field is far too vast now to attribute one thing to one person. The cells of heart muscles are branched, cylindrical and uninucleate. It continuously divides and forms new cells which increase length and girth of the plant body. Fill in the blanks. Depending on the connective tissues functions the nature of the matrix varies. Question 17. During this stage, hematopoietic bone-marrow precursors migrate into the thymus. chondroitin sulfate-GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-PROTEIN). (c) Cork is the outermost layer of an old woody stem which comprises of dead cells with no intercellular spaces. [16] The condition is diagnosed by fluorescent in situ hybridization and treated with thymus transplantation. It will provide protection against water loss, Control the process of gas exchange, Epidermis secretes a waxy, water-resistant layer. Ans: Difference between cartilage and bone is listed below: Matrix is made up of Salt of calcium and magnesium. Which cells are responsible for contraction and relaxation movements? Spatial total RNA-sequencing (STRS) combines in situ polyadenylation with existing spatial transcriptomics technologies to enable a broader view of the transcriptome in tissues. Cells are usually loosely packed with large intercellular spaces. It plays a vital role to improve the design and produce successful biomaterials for medical and clinical purposes. [2], The veins of the thymus end in the left brachiocephalic vein, internal thoracic vein, and in the inferior thyroid veins. (i) Xylem and phloem The epidermis may be thicker in some plants living in dry habitats or often secrete a waxy, water- resistant layer on their outer surface called cutin (chemical substance with waterproof quality) to prevent water loss. (c) lateral meristem It also anchors the muscles and serve as storage site of calcium and phosphate. (c) tracheids The cells are long and narrow with lignified cell walls. Then the neuron has a single long part(axon) and many short, branched parts(dendrites). This work not only revolutionized science and physics, but also the development of mechanics and later bio-mechanics. The tissue is complex as it is organised into organs and organ systems. Solution: Each consists of specialized cells grouped together according to structure and function. Name the different components of xylem and draw a living component. Lignin is a chemical substance present in the cell wall of plants which acts as a cement and hardens if. What function do they perform in the body of an organism? (c) none of these. The point of attachment is a serine (Ser) residue to which the glycosaminoglycan is joined through a tetrasaccharide bridge (e.g. What will happen to the plant and why? Some cells contain chlorophyll and form chlorenchyma and perform photosynthesis Other cells have large air cavities and form aerenchyma which provides buoyancy to the hydrophytic plants. Phloem: Like xylem, phloem is also vascular but has no mechanical function. 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